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FCI-Standard N° 257

FCI-国际纯种犬标准第 257号

柴犬（SHIBA）

▲ 本图片为FCI犬种标准配图，

并不一定代表该犬种的理想类型

ORIGIN: Japan

起源国：日本

UTILIZATION: Hunting dog for birds and small animals. Companion dog.

用途：猎鸟和小型动物的猎犬。伴侣犬。

FCI-CLASSIFICATION:

Group 5 Spitz and primitive type.

Section 5 Asian Spitz and related breeds.

Without working trial.

FCI分组：

第5组 尖嘴犬及原始犬组

第5类 亚洲尖嘴犬及相关犬种

无需工作犬测试。

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY:

The Shiba has been a native breed to Japan since the primitive ages. The word « Shiba » originally refers to something « small », a « small dog ». The Shiba’s habitat was in the mountainous area facing the Sea of Japan and was used as a hunting dog for small animals and birds. There were slight differences in the breeds according to the areas where they were raised. As dogs like English Setters and English Pointers were imported from England during the period of 1868-1912, hunting became a sport in Japan and crossbreeding of the Shiba with those English dogs became prevalent and a pure Shiba became rare so that by 1912-1926 pure Shibas confined to these areas became exceedingly scarce. Hunters and other educated persons became concerned with the preservation of the pure Shibas from around 1928 and the preservation of the limited number of pure strains began seriously, and the breed standard was finally unified in 1934. In 1937 the Shiba was designated as a « natural monument » after which the breed was bred and improved to become the breed known today.

历史沿革：柴犬从远古时代就是日本本土犬种。Shiba一词原指"小"东西或"小"狗。柴犬多生活在面对日本海的山区，常用作猎取小动物和鸟类的猎犬。该犬种因所在地域的不同而略有差异。在1868-1912年间，英国犬种例如雪达犬和指示犬等，由英格兰引入日本，狩猎在日本逐渐成为一项体育运动，柴犬和这些英国犬种的杂交也变得越来越普遍，这使得纯种柴犬的数量急剧下降，到1912-1926年间，这些地区的纯种柴犬变得极为稀少。从1928年左右开始，猎人和其它有识之士开始关注纯种柴犬的保护，保护数量有限的纯种柴犬的工作随之正式启动，并于1934年最终统一了该犬种的犬种标准。1937年，柴犬被认定为"自然纪念物"，此后柴犬被繁殖和改良成为如今广为人之的优良犬种。

GENERAL APPEARANCE:

Small-sized dog, well balanced, well boned with well developed muscles. Constitution strong. Action quick, free and beautiful.

总体外形：小型犬，身体匀称，骨骼发育良好，肌肉发达。体格强壮。动作敏捷、舒展、优美。

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS:The ratio of height at withers to length of body is 10 : 11.

重要比例：肩高和身体长度比值为10：11。

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT: The temperament is faithful, with keenness in sense and high alertness.

行为/秉性：忠诚、敏感、警惕性高。

HEAD: 头部

CRANIAL REGION

颅部区域

Skull: Forehead broad.

头骨：前额宽。

Stop: Well defined with slight furrow.

额段：轮廓明显，有轻微的皱纹。

FACIAL REGION

面部区域

Nose: Black. Nasal bridge straight.

鼻：黑色，鼻梁直。

Muzzle: Moderately thick.

口吻：厚度适当。

Lips: Tight.

唇：紧。

Jaws/Teeth: Teeth strong with scissor bite.

颌/牙齿：牙齿结实，成剪状咬合。

Cheeks: Well developed.

面颊：发育良好。

Eyes: Triangular, not toosmall, and dark brown in colour. The outer corners of the eyes are slightlyupturned.

眼睛：三角形，不可过小，深褐色，外眼角微上吊。

Ears: Relatively small, triangular, slightly inclining forward and firmly pricked.

耳朵：相对较小，三角形，略向前倾，立耳。

NECK: Thick, strong, and well balanced with the head and the body.

颈部：粗且强壮，与头部和身体比例协调。

BODY:

躯干：

Back: Straight and strong.

背：直、强壮。

Loin: Broad and muscular.

腰:宽，肌肉发达。

Chest: Deep, ribs moderately sprung.

胸：深，肋骨适当扩张。

Belly: Slightly tucked up.

腹：略向上收起。

TAIL:Set on high, thick, carried vigorously curled or curved as a sickle, the tip nearly reaching hocks when let down.

尾：位置高，被毛厚，卷曲或弯曲如镰刀。尾放下时尖端到飞节处。

LIMBS

FOREQUARTERS

四肢

前躯

General appearance: Seen from the front, forelegs straight.

总体外形：整体外形：从前面观察，前腿笔直。

Shoulder: Shoulder blade moderately sloping.

肩：肩胛骨适当倾斜。

Upper arm: Forming a moderate angle with shoulder blade.

上臂：与肩胛形成适当角度。

Elbows: Tight.

肘：紧。

Metacarpus (Pastern): Slightly oblique.

系部：略微倾斜。

Feet: Digits tightly closed and well arched. Pads thick and elastic. Nails hard and dark in colour desirable.

足：脚趾紧凑，自然呈拱形。脚垫厚且有弹性。趾甲硬，深色为理想。

LIMBS

HINDQUARTERS

四肢

后躯

Upper thigh: Well developed.

大腿：发育良好。

Lower thigh: Well developed.

小腿：发育良好。

Hocks: Thick and tough.

跖部：粗且强壮。

Feet: Digits tightly closed and well arched. Pads thick and elastic. Nails hard and dark in colour desirable.

足：脚趾紧凑，自然呈拱形。脚垫厚且有弹性。趾甲硬，深色为理想。

GAIT/MOVEMENT: Light and brisk.

步态/动态： 轻快、活泼。

COAT

被毛

Hair:Outer coat harsh and straight, undercoat soft and dense; hair on tail slightly long and standing off.

毛质：外层粗硬、直毛，内层底毛软、密；尾毛略长且竖起。

Colour: Red, black and tan, sesame, black sesame, red sesame.

毛色：红色、黑色和深褐色，芝麻色、黑芝麻色、红芝麻色。

Definition of the colour sesame:

· Sesame: Good mixture of black, red and white hairs in whole.

· Black sesame: More black than white hairs.

· Red sesame: Ground colour of hair red, mixture with black hairs.

芝麻色的定义：

芝麻色：等量黑色、红色、白色毛的混合。

黑芝麻色：黑色毛比白色毛多。

红芝麻色：底毛为红色，混以黑毛。

All the above mentioned colours must have « Urajiro ».

« Urajiro » : Whitish coat on the sides of the muzzle and on the cheeks, on the underside of the jaw and neck, on the chest and stomach and the underside of the tail, and on the inside of the legs.

所有上述所提颜色必须具有"Urajiro "

《Urajiro》：白色被毛的部位：口吻两侧和面颊部、颌和颈的下侧、胸和腹部、尾下侧以及腿内侧。

SIZE AND WEIGHT

尺寸和重量

Height at the withers:

Males 39.5 cm.

Females 36.5 cm.

There is a tolerance of 1,5 cm smaller or taller.

肩高：公犬39.5厘米，母犬36.5厘米。

误差允许上下1.5厘米之内。

FAULTS:Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be

regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog.

· Lack of sexual dimorphism.

· Slightly overshot or undershot mouth.

· Numerous teeth missing.

· Shyness.

· Pinto colour.

缺陷：任何与上述各点标准的背离均视为缺陷，其缺陷严重性应严格地与其缺陷的程度，以及该缺陷对犬只的健康、福利造成的影响成比例。

· 性别特征不明显

· 轻微上颚突出或下颚突出

· 多颗牙齿缺失

· 羞怯

· 双色混合

DISQUALIFYING FAULTS:

· Aggresive or overly shy.

· Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

· Extremely overshot or undershot mouth.

· Ears not pricked.

· Hanging tail, short tail.

失格缺陷：

• 犬只有攻击性或过度羞怯

• 任何在身体和行为上明显失常的犬只应视为失格

• 严重上颚突出或下颚突出

• 耳朵不立

• 尾巴悬垂、短尾

N.B.：

• Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.

• Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.

注：

• 公犬具备两个明显正常且完全置于阴囊的睾丸

• 只有身体机能以及临床表现健康的，具备典型犬种结构的犬只，才可用于繁殖。